Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a natural product belonging to the flavone class that is the aglycone of several naturally occurring glycosides. It is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool.
Chalcone synthase or naringenin-chalcone synthase (CHS) is an enzyme ubiquitous to higher plants and belongs to a family of polyketide synthase enzymes (PKS) known as type III PKS. Type III PKSs are associated with the production of chalcones, a class of organic compounds found mainly in plants as natural defense mechanisms and as synthetic intermediates. CHS was the first type III PKS to be discovered. It is the first committed enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 4-coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to naringenin chalcone.
In enzymology, a quercetin 3-O-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in which the amino acid phenylalanine is used to produce 4-coumaroyl-CoA. This can be combined with malonyl-CoA to yield the true backbone of flavonoids, a group of compounds called chalcones, which contain two phenyl rings. Conjugate ring-closure of chalcones results in the familiar form of flavonoids, the three-ringed structure of a flavone. The metabolic pathway continues through a series of enzymatic modifications to yield flavanones → dihydroflavonols → anthocyanins. Along this pathway, many products can be formed, including the flavonols, flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins (tannins) and a host of other various polyphenolics.
In enzymology, a 6'-deoxychalcone synthase (EC 2.3.1.170) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an anthocyanin 6"-O-malonyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an anthranilate N-malonyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a D-tryptophan N-malonyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.112) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a flavonol-3-O-beta-glucoside O-malonyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a flavanone 7-O-beta-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a flavone apiosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a flavonol-3-O-glucoside glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a flavonol-3-O-glucoside L-rhamnosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a flavonol-3-O-glycoside glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Tricin is a chemical compound. It is an O-methylated flavone, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in rice bran and sugarcane.
Biochanin A is an O-methylated isoflavone. It is a natural organic compound in the class of phytochemicals known as flavonoids. Biochanin A can be found in red clover in soy, in alfalfa sprouts, in peanuts, in chickpea and in other legumes.
The biosynthesis of isoflavonoids involves several enzymes; These are:
